First edition. This work continues from Human nature by further developing the idea of a self-conscious self, more reliant in this instance on the basic tenets of psychoanalysis, such as the Ego. Much more prevalent here is the consideration of economic systems, with free will under discussion again and a similarly conservative approach to Cooley’s discussion of class as a social stricture, in which he identifies with some trepidation the ambitious young men of the lower classes who ‘want an opening and are bound to get it’.